统计矩法回顾性分析布洛芬不同剂型的体内释放特征

目的分析布洛芬不同剂型的体内释放特征,揭示血管外给药制剂的体内溶出特征及其意义.方法以非房室模型的统计矩法,对文献报道的布洛芬不同剂型(口服液、颗粒剂、片剂、缓释胶囊等)在中国人中的血药浓度特征进行回顾性分析,比较各剂型的体内释放特征.结果以布洛芬口服液为标准速释制剂,布洛芬混悬剂的体内平均溶出时间(MDT)约为0.065～0.151 h,体内溶出较快;片剂的MDT约0.146～1.255 h,差异较大,各产品内在质量不一;缓释胶囊的MDT约3.492 h.结论同一活性成分的不同固体制剂的体内释放特征差异较大,应加强此类药物的体内释放动力学研究,以保证药物制剂的内在质量.     

Brain flexibility associated with need for cognition contributes to creative achievement

Advances in graph‐theoretic models of networks have made it possible to investigate the topological properties of the human brain across time and space. Brain flexibility is defined as the frequency with which brain regions switch between different functional modules over time and has been shown to correlate with higher‐order cognitive functions. Need for cognition (NFC) refers to a personality trait to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive endeavors and usually has a positive effect on diverse cognitive activities (e.g., creativity), which may also be closely related to brain flexibility. Here, we tested whether the flexibility of a large‐scale brain network associated with NFC facilitated creative achievement. Robust correlation analyses showed that NFC correlates with the flexibility of the insula, the medial prefrontal cortex, and the putamen at the node level. Several large‐scale brain networks whose flexibility also correlated with NFC, including the default mode network, salience network, subcortical network, ventral attention network, and control network, imply that higher NFC individuals may exhibit better cognitive abilities, such as executive control, salient detection, spontaneous thought, and motivation function. Interestingly, only global flexibility acted as a mediator in the relationship between NFC and creative achievement, suggesting that the mediating mechanism may involve an interaction between distinct regions or large‐scale networks across the entire brain instead of the functional characteristic of local regions. Together, we demonstrate that the higher NFC is, the more flexible the brain, which may provide a potential insight into the acquisition of creative achievement.     

基于锁相值和图论的脑功能网络特征提取方法

目的为了研究大脑运动想象时脑功能网络的状态变化,并区分运动想象任务,本文提出一种基于锁相值和图论的脑功能网络特征提取方法。方法首先获取Mu节律和Beta节律的运动想象脑电信号(motor imagery electroencephalography,MI-EEG),计算任意两导相同节律MI-EEG之间的锁相值;然后分别构建两个节律的脑功能网络,并提取6种全局网络特征参数,对其归一化处理后进行串行融合获得特征向量;最后以支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)作为分类器,采用10折交叉验证法,在BCI Competition III Data Sets IIIa数据集上对两种运动想象任务进行分类。结果相比于其他脑网络特征提取方法,本文方法获得了较高的识别率,最高识别率和平均识别率分别达到100. 00%和83. 33%。结论从脑功能网络的角度,通过构建Mu节律和Beta节律两个运动节律MI-EEG的脑功能网络,提取多个反映大脑网络整体信息的特征,相对于构建单一运动节律MI-EEG的脑功能网络,提取单个网络特征参数,能够有效改善运动想象任务的识别效果,为MI-EEG信号的特征提取方法提供了一种新的思路。     

Relationships in early childhood education – beyond the professional into the personal within the teacher–child dyad: relationships ‘that ripple in the pond’

The dyadic nature of the teacher–child relationship is recognized as a significant factor in young children’s learning experiences. However understandings about how teachers’ own personal and professional identities and experiences influence their construction of teacher–child relationships are under researched. This article extends upon earlier research by exploring the concept of a networked dimension of teachers’ personal relationships and how they inform their perceptions of their relationships with children within a dynamic system. Through the interpretation of four teachers’ life history narratives and utilizing the lens of development systems theory, we present original insights regarding how they understand their personal and professional relationships with children. We illuminate how teachers’ lives are open, networked and overlapping in nature and that there are implications for teachers’ initial education and professional development.     

在线医疗服务平台医生采纳行为及影响因素研究

目的:随着互联网技术的快速发展,在线医疗服务平台受到重视和推广,但调查显示医生对在线医疗服务平台的使用率偏低。本研究利用整合技术采纳与使用统一理论,研究医生对在线医疗服务平台的采纳意愿及影响因素。方法:通过调查问卷收集数据,并利用SPSS和AMOS进行统计分析和结构方程建模。结果:绩效期望、努力期望、社会影响、便利条件对医生的使用意愿具有显著正向影响,使用意愿显著影响使用行为。结论:在线医疗服务平台不仅要通过宣传推广改进医生的技术感知,还要根据医生的需求提供有针对性的服务,从而改进技术匹配度,促进医生的采纳。     

基于King达标理论的实习护生行为目标达成度评价

目的:以King达标理论为基础理论框架,探讨和分析中、高职护生实习期间的本专业行为目标达成度及其影响因素,以便更好地指导临床护理教学。方法:采用便利抽样方式抽取实习中、高职护生204名,采用具有较好信效度的中文版护士行为目标达成度评价量表(NPGA)进行测评。结果:58.67%的护生认为自身护理行为水平较低,未达成预期目标,34.69%的护生认为自身护理行为需要改善;高职护生行为目标达成度水平总体高于中职护生(P0.05)。结论:目前临床实习的中、高职护生均对自身护理行为不甚满意,专业行为目标达成度不够,需要医院及学校在临床实践教学方面给予更多的关注与支持。     

失眠体质类型与经络检测仪辅助诊断的相关性研究

目的:对169例失眠人群的体质分布特点进行调查研究。利用中医经络检测仪对失眠人群进行检测,研究其各条经络电能量值与体质类型的相关性,为失眠的中医分型诊断及随后的治疗提供客观的依据。方法:收集门诊符合《2012年中国成人失眠诊断与治疗指南》的人群,根据《中医体质分类判定标准》判定其体质类型。用中医经络检测仪对不同体质人群人体十二经络原穴部位进行测量。结果:通过研究发现,获得的体能、代谢、心肾、筋骨状态的均值在不同体质人群中有不同程度的波动。其中阴虚质者的体能状态最高,阳虚质者最低;阳虚质者代谢状态最高,阴虚质者最低;阳虚质者心肾状态最高,气虚质者最低;阴虚质者筋骨状态最高,血瘀质者最低。结论:失眠人群的中医体质类型及不同证型与中医经络检测仪中的体能状态、代谢状态、心肾状态、筋骨状态存在相关性。     

中药品质生态学:一个新兴交叉学科

中药品质生态学是研究中药品质及与生态环境关系及机制的学科,是中药品质学与生态学交叉融合形成的新兴学科。本文首次提出中药品质生态学概念,分析了历史背景与发展,重点阐述了中药品质生态学的研究内容,包括中药品质、中药品质形成的生物学成因、药用生物分布、产地与生态因子的关系、优质药材产地生态适宜性与区划、生态系统调控与保护对中药品质的影响、优质中药资源开发利用、中药品质生态学理论体系与技术方法。总结了中药品质生态学的6个基本理论:环境生态论;品种品质延续与产地变迁论;可持续利用理论;生态型理论;逆境效应理论;基因特化理论。介绍了中药品质生态学的常用研究方法:化学评价方法、物理学评价方法、生物学评价方法与生态学评价方法。展望了中药品质生态学科发展方向:宏观-介观-微观双向多纬发展;多学科交叉与理论方法体系完善;生产实践与国际推广。